Angol nyelvtan 03: To vagy For?
Al Capone várt. A futár már 10 percet késik. A pénznek már itt kellene lennie. Végül a futár megérkezik és átadja Al Capone emberének a táskát. Vagy inkább: átadja a táskát Al Capone emberének?
No, persze mindkettő helyes a magyarban, sőt igazából a szavak sorrendjén kívül semmi sem változik. Az angolban ez nem ennyire egyértelmű, sőt van egy “csavar” is a dologban, de semmi pánik: ebben a videóban végre tiszta magyarázatot kapsz a “hogyan”-ra .
Leirathoz katt ide! - To vagy for?
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Grammar
He lent me a book vs. He lent a book to me
Hiya! You all right? Let’s jump right into our topic.
My friend lent me a book the other day. Or, my friend lent a book to me the other day. Let’s see how it goes, shall we?
Okay. My friend lent me a book. (He gave it to me for one or two weeks). It is also correct to say: My friend lent a book to me.
My brother sent me a card. Or, my brother sent a card to me.
The old lady passed me the salt. Or, the old lady passed the salt to me.
The waiter brought us a bottle of wine. Or, the waiter brought a bottle of wine to us.
However, sometimes we say ‘for somebody’. Here are some examples:
My wife cooked us a beautiful lunch. Or, she cooked a beautiful lunch for us.
The father bought his little girl a Barbie doll. Or, the father bought a Barbie doll for his little girl.
My grandma knitted me a nice jumper. Or, my grandma knitted a nice jumper for me.
Now, how do you know if it is “to me” or “for me”? He paid some money… TO me. Why is it “to me” and not “for me”?
Well, when we give something or pass something, we normally use the word “to”. I gave the car key to my brother. In other words, the thing is moving from one person to the other. When you pay, you give the money and the money travels.
When you tell something, the idea travels; e.g. He told a really cool story to his friends. When you sell something, that particular thing goes to the other person; e.g. The salesman sold a crappy car to my mum. When you read, you pass the story to the other person and it moves; e.g. The nursery teacher read a scary story to the kids.
But when you cook, you do not pass anything: my wife cooks lunch for us every day. And when you buy something, it does not go anywhere: I bought a nice present for my wife. When you order a drink in a restaurant, the drink does not move at that time: I ordered a drink for my kids.
And this ends our mini-lesson. Now go, practise. Also, subscribe if you haven’t done so yet. See you soon!
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Olivér és Eszter vagyunk, nyelvoktatók. Ketten együtt ehhez értünk: nyelvoktatás, illusztrálás, cikkírás, videózás, fotózás. Minden megszerzett készségünket és tapasztalatunkat bevetjük, hogy te sikeres nyelvtanuló legyél.